Dealing with Subcontractor Problems
No matter how well you vet, hire, and manage subcontractors, problems will arise. It's not if, but when. How you handle these problems determines whether they're minor bumps or project-killing disasters.
This guide covers the most common subcontractor problems owner-builders face, how to prevent them, how to address them when they occur, and what legal options you have when things go seriously wrong.
The Reality of Construction Problems
Expect problems. Even on well-managed projects with quality contractors:
- 20-30% of work has some issue requiring correction
- 30-50% of inspections have at least one comment
- Delays of 2-4 weeks are normal
- Some disputes about scope or payment will occur
The difference:
- Good contractors: Own problems, fix them, communicate
- Problem contractors: Hide problems, blame others, disappear
Your job: Handle problems professionally, document everything, enforce contract terms, protect your interests
Common Subcontractor Problems
1. Schedule Delays
The most common problem: Contractor not showing up or finishing when promised
Causes
Legitimate delays:
- Weather (rain, extreme temperatures, snow)
- Material delivery delays beyond their control
- Permitting or inspection delays
- Concealed conditions (unexpected issues revealed)
- Previous trade didn't finish on time
- Illness or family emergency
Problematic delays:
- Took another job that pays more
- Underestimated time required
- Insufficient crew size
- Disorganization and poor planning
- Cash flow problems (waiting for payment from other jobs)
- Over-committed (too many active jobs)
How to Address
For legitimate delays:
Step 1: Get information
- "What's the issue?"
- "When can you resume?"
- "What do you need from me?"
Step 2: Document
- Email confirming the delay and cause
- Photos of weather, site conditions, etc.
- Updated timeline
Step 3: Adjust schedule
- Notify affected downstream trades
- Extend contract timeline per contract terms
- Don't penalize for legitimate issues
Example email:
[Contractor],
Thanks for notifying me about the rain delay. I understand framing
can't proceed safely in these conditions.
Per our contract Section 8, weather delays extend the completion
deadline. I'm adjusting the schedule:
- Original completion: June 15
- New completion: June 18 (3-day extension for weather)
I've notified the electrician that rough-in will now start June 19
instead of June 16.
Please confirm you can resume work on June 11 when weather clears.
Thanks,
[Your name]
For problematic delays:
Step 1: Address immediately
- Call, don't email initially
- "We had June 15 as completion date. What's happening?"
- Listen to explanation
- Determine if excuse is legitimate
Step 2: Set clear deadline
- "I need you back on site Monday with a full crew."
- "This must be complete by June 20 or I'll need to find another contractor."
- "What specific obstacles are preventing you from meeting our agreement?"
Step 3: Document in writing
[Contractor],
Per our phone conversation today, you committed to:
- Return to site Monday, June 10 with full crew
- Work full days until completion
- Complete all framing by June 20
Our contract requires completion by June 15. This delay is costing
me $200/day in extended construction loan interest and delayed
trades (per contract Section 9).
If you cannot meet the June 20 deadline, please let me know
immediately so I can make other arrangements.
[Your name]
Step 4: Enforce contract terms
- Liquidated damages if in contract ($100-300/day typical)
- Right to hire replacement contractor
- Withhold payment for incomplete work
Step 5: Make the call
- Will they finish? Give deadline.
- Won't they finish? Fire and hire replacement.
Decision criteria:
- More than 2 weeks delayed with no legitimate reason: Serious concern
- Making excuses instead of progress: Red flag
- Promises but doesn't deliver: Fire them
- Not communicating: Fire them
Prevention
During hiring:
- Get realistic timeline, not optimistic
- Check references for on-time completion
- Include timeline and liquidated damages in contract
During work:
- Daily check-ins to catch delays early
- Don't wait until deadline to find out they're behind
- Address small delays before they become big
2. Quality Issues and Defective Work
Second most common: Work doesn't meet code, contract, or quality expectations
Common Quality Problems
Framing:
- Out of square/plumb
- Wrong lumber size or grade
- Missing fire blocking
- Improper connections
- Code violations
Plumbing:
- Leaking joints
- Improper slope on drains
- Wrong pipe sizes
- Bad venting
- Code violations
Electrical:
- Wrong wire sizes
- Improper grounding
- Missing AFCI/GFCI where required
- Boxes not flush with finished wall
- Code violations
Drywall:
- Visible seams/tape joints
- Uneven mud application
- Nail pops
- Damaged corners
- Poor finish quality
General issues:
- Doesn't match plans
- Sloppy workmanship
- Damaged other trades' work
- Left mess/debris
How to Address Quality Issues
Catch early (best option):
During work:
- Daily inspection
- Take photos
- Compare to plans and specs
- Ask questions: "This seems different from the plan. Can you explain?"
Address immediately:
- Point out issue politely
- Ask contractor's plan to fix
- Don't let bad work get covered up
Example conversation:
"I notice these walls aren't plumb. The plan calls for walls to be plumb and square per IRC. How do you plan to correct this before we proceed?"
At inspection (still fixable):
If inspector catches it:
- Get specific list of corrections
- Set timeline for fixes: "Can you have these corrected by Friday?"
- Inspect corrections before calling for re-inspection
- Don't make payment until re-inspection passes
Contract language to use:
"Per our contract Section 6, all code violations and failed inspection corrections are at your expense. Please make the corrections and call for re-inspection. Payment will process after passing inspection."
After work covered (expensive):
When you discover:
- Document with photos
- Reference contract quality standards
- Get cost estimate to fix
- Meet with contractor
Discussion approach:
"I've discovered [issue] with the [work]. This doesn't meet [code
requirement / contract specification / industry standard].
To fix this properly requires [specific correction].
Per our contract warranty section, this needs to be corrected at
your expense. When can you address this?"
Contractor responses:
Good response: "You're right, I'll fix that this week at no charge."
- Follow up to ensure they do
- Inspect correction
- Document with photos
- Build trust by acknowledging good response
Defensive response: "That's not a problem, it's fine."
- Don't argue, get third-party opinion
- Code inspector can clarify code issues
- Independent contractor can assess
- Engineer can evaluate if structural
Refusing response: "That'll cost extra" or "It passed inspection."
- Reference contract warranty terms
- Document their refusal in writing
- Consider legal options (see below)
Prevention
During hiring:
- Check references specifically about quality
- Visit past projects
- Verify inspection pass rate
During contract:
- Specify quality standards
- Reference code requirements
- Include warranty language
During work:
- Inspect daily
- Catch issues before covering
- Require inspection before payment
3. Scope Disputes
"I didn't think that was included": Disagreement about what contractor should do
Common Scope Disputes
- "Cleanup wasn't in my quote"
- "I quoted labor only, you provide materials"
- "That's a separate trade"
- "Plans changed, that's extra"
- "I thought you were doing that"
How to Prevent
Crystal clear contract scope:
- Detail what IS included
- Detail what is NOT included
- Attach plans as exhibits
- Reference specific specifications
Example (prevents disputes):
INCLUDED:
- Hang all drywall per plan
- Tape, mud, and finish all joints to level 4 finish
- Sand and prime all surfaces
- Clean up debris daily
- Remove all waste materials
NOT INCLUDED:
- Texturing (by owner)
- Painting (separate contract)
- Repair of structural issues found during hang
How to Resolve
When dispute arises:
Step 1: Review contract
- What exactly does it say?
- Is the item explicitly included or excluded?
- What do attached plans show?
Step 2: Discuss professionally
- Show contract language
- "The contract says [quote section]. How do you interpret that?"
- Listen to their reasoning
Step 3: Determine who's right
- Contract language wins
- Plans attached to contract win
- Verbal discussions don't override written contract
- Industry standard fills gaps
Step 4: Resolution
- If you're right: "Per contract Section X, this is included. Please complete it."
- If they're right: "You're right, I misread. Let's do a change order for that work."
- If genuinely unclear: "Let's split the difference" or get third-party interpretation
Document resolution:
[Contractor],
We discussed the [disputed item] today. After reviewing the contract:
[Your position and reasoning based on contract]
[OR]
We agreed the contract is unclear on this item. We'll resolve it as
follows: [resolution]
Please confirm your agreement.
[Your name]
4. Communication Problems
Symptoms:
- Not returning calls/texts
- Unclear responses
- Promises things verbally but doesn't follow through
- Disappears for days
- Can't reach when you need them
How to Address
Minor communication issues:
- Set expectations: "I need responses within 24 hours."
- Use their preferred method (some prefer text, others call)
- Be clear about urgency level
Serious communication breakdown:
Step 1: Document attempts
- Note all calls/texts/emails sent
- Times and dates
- Screenshot texts
Step 2: Formal written notice
[Contractor],
I have attempted to reach you:
- [List dates and methods]
I need response to the following urgent matters:
- [List issues]
Please respond within 24 hours. Continued failure to communicate is
a breach of our contract and may result in termination.
[Your name]
Step 3: If still no response
- Consider this abandonment
- See "Contractor Abandons Job" below
Prevention
- Set communication expectations in contract
- Test responsiveness during hiring
- Check references specifically about communication
5. Contract or Abandons Job
The nightmare scenario: Contractor stops showing up
Warning Signs
- Sporadic attendance increasing
- Coming late, leaving early
- Reduced crew size
- Not returning calls
- Asking for more money than earned
- Making excuses
- Seeming distracted/disengaged
What to Do
Step 1: Document absence
- Note dates contractor failed to show
- Photo site showing no work occurring
- Save all communication attempts
Step 2: Formal notice
[Contractor],
You have not been on site or communicated since [date], despite
multiple attempts to contact you.
Per our contract Section 10, failure to perform work without valid
reason for 5 consecutive business days constitutes abandonment.
You have 48 hours from this notice to either:
1. Resume work with full crew and commitment to complete, OR
2. Provide valid explanation and proposed resolution
Failure to respond will result in contract termination and hiring
of replacement contractor to complete your scope.
[Your name]
Sent via: Email and certified mail
Step 3: Termination (if no response)
[Contractor],
Due to your failure to respond to my notice dated [date] and your
abandonment of the project, I am terminating our contract effective
immediately per Section 10.
I have hired [Replacement Contractor] to complete the remaining work.
You are owed $[amount] for work completed to date, minus:
- $[amount] cost to complete your scope
- $[amount] damages per contract terms
Final accounting: [You owe me $X] or [I owe you $X]
Please remove all tools and materials from site within 5 days.
[Your name]
Step 4: Hire replacement
- Get quotes to complete work
- Choose replacement contractor
- Don't tell them exact previous contractor price
- Focus on quality and timeline
Step 5: Final accounting
- Work completed by original contractor: $X
- Still owed them: $Y
- Cost to complete with new contractor: $Z
- Damages and delays: $W
- Final: They owe you or You owe them
Most scenarios: Cost to complete exceeds what you owe them, so you owe nothing
Legal options: Sue for damages (see below)
6. Safety Violations
Dangerous situations on your property
Common Safety Issues
- No fall protection at heights
- Unsafe ladder use
- Electrical hazards
- No safety equipment (glasses, gloves, etc.)
- Dangerous material storage
- Trip hazards
- No ventilation with chemicals
How to Address
Immediately:
- Stop the unsafe activity: "Please stop. That's not safe."
- Point out the hazard
- Ask how they'll work safely
- Don't let work proceed until safe
Document:
- Photo the hazard
- Note what you observed
- Note your instruction to stop
Follow up in writing:
[Contractor],
Today I observed [unsafe practice]. I directed you to stop immediately.
Safety is non-negotiable on this site. All work must comply with
OSHA requirements and safe work practices.
Any future safety violations will result in work stoppage and possible
contract termination.
[Your name]
If repeated:
- Terminate contractor
- You're liable for injuries on your property
- Not worth the risk
7. Damage to Other Work
Contractor damages completed work by another trade
Examples
- Drywall damaged moving materials
- Plumbing fixtures cracked
- Floors scratched
- Windows broken
- Trim damaged
How to Address
Immediate discovery:
- Photo the damage
- Point out to contractor: "This damage wasn't here before. Your crew will need to repair it."
- Get their agreement to fix
Later discovery:
- Photo the damage
- Determine who caused it (when did it occur, who was on site)
- Contact responsible contractor
Communication:
[Contractor],
I discovered damage to [item] caused during your work on [dates].
[Photo attached]
Per our contract Section X, you're responsible for damage caused by
your work. Please repair or replace at your expense by [date].
If you disagree about responsibility, please respond within 2 days
so we can resolve.
[Your name]
If they repair: Great, document completion If they refuse: Deduct repair cost from their payment or hire others and back-charge If can't determine who: May need to accept as cost of construction
Prevention
- Photo all work before next trade starts
- Include protection requirements in contracts
- Require daily cleanup
- Floor protection during high-traffic phases
8. Payment Disputes
Disagreement about how much is owed
Common scenarios:
- You think work incomplete, they want full payment
- They claim extras, you didn't approve
- Scope interpretation differences
- Quality issues you want corrected before paying
How to Address
Step 1: Review contract
- What are payment terms?
- What's actually owed at this point?
- What are completion requirements?
Step 2: Document your position
- List incomplete items with contract references
- Photo incomplete/defective work
- Calculate payment owed for completed portions
Step 3: Communicate
[Contractor],
You requested payment of $[amount] for [milestone].
Per our contract, this payment is due when:
- [List milestone criteria]
Currently complete:
- [List completed items]
Still required for payment:
- [List incomplete items]
I'm ready to process payment within 5 days of completion of the
items above. Please let me know your timeline to complete.
[Your name]
Step 4: Negotiate if needed
- Partial payment for partial completion (if reasonable)
- Timeline for completion
- Resolution of disputed items
Step 5: Legal options if can't resolve (see below)
When to Fire a Subcontractor
Difficult decision, but sometimes necessary
Fire Immediately If:
- Safety violations after warning
- Unlicensed or uninsured (discovered after hiring)
- Illegal activity on site
- Threatening behavior
- Gross incompetence
- Abandonment
Fire After Warning If:
- Consistent poor quality after corrections
- Repeated delays without valid reasons
- Serious communication breakdown
- Contract violations after opportunity to cure
- Repeated failure to follow plans/specs
Don't Fire If:
- One missed deadline with legitimate reason
- Minor quality issues they're willing to fix
- Personality conflicts (work through it)
- You're just frustrated (not breach of contract)
How to Fire Properly
Step 1: Review contract termination clause
- What are grounds for termination?
- What notice is required?
- What are financial implications?
Step 2: Document cause
- List all breaches
- Photo evidence
- Communication records
- Show opportunity to cure
Step 3: Formal termination notice
[Contractor],
Due to the following material breaches of our contract:
1. [Specific breach with dates]
2. [Specific breach with dates]
3. [Specific breach with dates]
And your failure to cure these breaches after notice dated [date],
I am terminating our contract effective immediately per Section 10.
Financial accounting:
- Contract amount: $[total]
- Paid to date: $[amount]
- Work completed: $[amount]
- Owed to you: $[amount]
- Cost to complete: $[amount]
- Net: [You owe X] or [I owe X]
Please remove all tools, materials, and equipment from site within
5 business days.
[Your name]
Step 4: Secure site
- Change locks if they had keys
- Photograph all their materials on site
- Don't let them remove materials without accounting
- Get your materials back if they have any
Step 5: Hire replacement
- Find qualified contractor to complete
- Document costs
- Compare to original contract
Legal Options
When problems can't be resolved through communication
Small Claims Court
For: Disputes under $5,000-10,000 (varies by state) Cost: $50-200 filing fee Time: 30-90 days to hearing Lawyer: Not required (sometimes not allowed) Outcome: Judgment, but still must collect
When to use:
- Contractor owes you money (damaged work, abandonment, etc.)
- You owe contractor but dispute amount
- Simple breach of contract cases
Process:
- File claim at county courthouse
- Contractor is served
- Both parties present evidence at hearing
- Judge decides
- Winner gets judgment
Winning doesn't mean collecting: Must still enforce judgment
Mediation
What it is: Neutral third party helps you negotiate
Cost: $200-500 for mediator (split with contractor) Time: 1-2 hours Outcome: Agreement (if successful) Binding: Only if you both agree to terms
When to use:
- Both parties want to resolve
- Communication has broken down
- Complicated dispute
- Want to avoid court
Success rate: 70-80% if both parties attend in good faith
Arbitration
What it is: Private judge makes decision
Cost: $500-5,000+ depending on complexity Time: 2-6 months typically Outcome: Binding decision Appeal: Very limited
When to use:
- Contract requires it (check your contract)
- Want faster resolution than court
- Complex technical issues
Pros: Faster than court, expert arbitrators Cons: Expensive, binding (can't appeal), no jury
Lawsuit (Litigation)
What it is: Formal court process
Cost: $5,000-20,000+ in attorney fees Time: 1-2 years minimum Outcome: Judgment Appeal: Possible but expensive
When to use:
- Large amount at stake ($20,000+)
- Other options have failed
- Need discovery process (forced document disclosure)
- Serious damages occurred
Reality: Expensive and slow, only for significant disputes
Contractor License Board Complaint
What it is: File complaint with state licensing board
Cost: Free Time: 3-12 months investigation Outcome: Contractor discipline (fine, suspension, revocation)
When to use:
- Contractor violated licensing laws
- Code violations
- Abandonment
- Fraud
- Serious contract breach
Process:
- File complaint with licensing board
- Board investigates
- Hearing if substantiated
- Board disciplines contractor
Limitation: Won't get your money back, but contractor may be motivated to settle
Find your board: "[Your state] contractor licensing board"
When Legal Action Makes Sense
Consider legal action if:
- Amount at stake exceeds legal costs
- You have strong documentation
- Contractor has assets (can collect if you win)
- Principle matters enough to invest time/money
Skip legal action if:
- Amount is small (under $2,000)
- Poor documentation
- Contractor is judgment-proof (no assets)
- Time and stress not worth it
Before suing, ask yourself:
- Can I prove my case?
- Can I collect if I win?
- Is it worth the time and money?
- Have I exhausted other options?
Preventing Problems
An ounce of prevention...
During Hiring
- Thorough vetting (licenses, insurance, references)
- Check references specifically about problems and how handled
- Clear, detailed contract
- Realistic expectations
During Work
- Daily communication
- Regular site visits
- Catch issues early
- Document everything
- Professional relationship
- Fair treatment
- Follow contract
Best Practices
- Pay fairly and on time
- Inspect before paying
- Address issues immediately
- Document in writing
- Be present and engaged
- Maintain good relationships
Reality: Problems still happen, but you'll have fewer and handle them better
Problem Resolution Checklist
When any problem arises:
- [ ] Stop and assess (don't react emotionally)
- [ ] Review contract terms
- [ ] Document the issue (photos, notes, dates)
- [ ] Communicate with contractor (call first)
- [ ] Follow up in writing (email documenting discussion)
- [ ] Set specific deadline for resolution
- [ ] Give contractor opportunity to cure
- [ ] Escalate only if they don't resolve
- [ ] Know your legal options
- [ ] Consider costs vs. benefit of legal action
When to Get Professional Help
Consider hiring attorney if:
- Contract value over $50,000 and serious breach
- Contractor suing you
- Liens filed against your property
- Safety incident with injuries
- Complex legal questions
- Fraud suspected
- Insurance claim needed
Cost: $200-400/hour typical Value: Can save you more than they cost
Initial consultation: Many attorneys offer free 30-minute consultation
Real-World Examples
Example 1: Framing Delay
Problem: Framer scheduled to complete June 15, still working June 25
Cause: Under-estimated time, took another job mid-project
Resolution:
- Called framer daily: "What's your plan to finish?"
- Set firm deadline: "Complete by June 30 or I'm hiring replacement"
- Documented in writing
- Framer brought in extra crew, finished June 29
- Deducted $1,500 in liquidated damages ($150/day x 10 days)
- Completed project, but won't hire again
Lesson: Firm deadlines with consequences work
Example 2: Failed Electrical Inspection
Problem: Electrical rough-in failed with 8 violations
Cause: Electrician didn't know recent code changes
Resolution:
- Got list of violations from inspector
- Met with electrician at site
- Electrician corrected all items in 2 days
- Re-inspection passed
- Withheld $2,000 from payment until re-inspection passed
- Electrician paid re-inspection fee ($85)
- Project back on track
Lesson: Don't pay until inspection passes
Example 3: Contractor Abandonment
Problem: HVAC contractor stopped showing up after 60% complete
Cause: Took larger commercial job, ghosted owner-builder
Resolution:
- Documented 12 days of no-shows and attempts to contact
- Sent certified letter terminating contract
- Hired new HVAC contractor to complete ($6,500)
- Original contractor owed $3,000 (paid $12,000 of $15,000 contract)
- Completion cost: $6,500
- Owner kept $3,000 payment and credited $3,500 as damages
- Filed complaint with licensing board (contractor fined $2,000)
Lesson: Document everything, follow contract termination process
Mental Approach to Problems
Mindset matters:
Stay Calm
- Problems are normal in construction
- Getting angry doesn't help
- Professional approach gets results
Be Solution-Focused
- Focus on fixing issue, not blame
- "How do we resolve this?" not "Why did you screw up?"
- Look forward, not backward
Document Everything
- Photos
- Written communication
- Dates and timelines
- Costs to remedy
Follow the Contract
- Contract is your guide
- Refer to it constantly
- Enforce it consistently
Know When to Cut Losses
- Some contractors aren't worth the fight
- Sometimes firing and moving on is cheapest
- Your time and stress have value
Learn from Each Problem
- What can I do differently next time?
- What warning signs did I miss?
- How can I prevent this?
Summary
Problems will happen: Accept this reality
Most are solvable: With communication and professionalism
Prevention is best: Vet well, contract well, manage well
Document everything: Photos, writing, dates
Follow your contract: It's your protection
Know your options: Communication → Formal notice → Termination → Legal action
Stay professional: Emotions don't help
**Cut losses when needed